An anti-dumping duty can be imposed if goods have been brought in at a dumped price, i.e. they have been sold for export at a price that is lower than the cost of production or the domestic prices. Anti-dumping duties are often imposed on particular companies.
A countervailing duty can be imposed if a country has subsidised its exports. A product may be subject to both an anti-dumping duty and a countervailing duty.
A safeguard duty or a quota can be imposed if unexpectedly increasing imports pose a threat to EU industries. Safeguard measures can be imposed quickly, and their validity is shorter than that of anti-dumping and countervailing measures. The safeguard measures concern all non-EU countries, i.e. third countries.
The imposition anti-dumping and countervailing measures is always preceded by an investigation. The investigation takes up to 14 months (anti-dumping duty) or 13 months (countervailing duty).
Definitive measures, an anti-dumping duty or a countervailing duty, can be imposed after the investigation. They are to lapse after five years.
Provisional measures. The Commission can impose provisional measures during an investigation, no earlier than 60 days from initiation and no later than 7 to 8 months thereafter. A provisional anti-dumping duty is imposed for a period of up to of six months. A provisional countervailing duty is imposed for a period of up to of four months. A guarantee must be lodged them. The guarantee is collected as definitive, if a definitive anti-dumping or countervailing duty is imposed.
Price undertaking. An exporter undertakes to raise its export prices so that no injury will be caused to the EU. The Commission can accept the undertaking offered by the exporter. The exporter presents a price undertaking invoice in accordance with the regulation and is completely exempted from the anti-dumping or countervailing duty.
Valid commercial invoice In some cases, the exporter is to present a valid commercial invoice according to the template, so that a reduced individual anti-dumping or countervailing duty can be applied upon import.
The Commission can initiate an interim review if the circumstances have changed after the imposition of the definitive measures. After the review, the Commission can e.g. change the anti-dumping duty rate. The interim review is initiated no earlier than a year after the imposition of the anti-dumping or countervailing measures.
A new exporter can apply for a review for a new exporter if it has not exported goods to the EU before the anti-dumping or countervailing measures. After the review, the company can get an individual duty.
An expiry review is often initiated before the expiry of the definitive measures. What is reviewed is whether the imposition of the measures should continue. This is also the only thing reviewed. After the expiry review, e.g. the goods concerned or the duty rates will not be changed. The anti-dumping or countervailing duty is imposed during the expiry review.
Customs tool. On 2 July 2019, the Commission adopted an implementing regulation establishing a so-called customs tool, in accordance with which anti-dumping and/or countervailing duties will be collected in the above-mentioned situation. The Regulation began to apply from 4 November 2019.
- Currency conversion rates
- Ongoing anti-dumping and countervailing investigations (in Finnish)
- Anti-dumping and countervailing duties in force (in Finnish)
- Ongoing safeguard measure investigations (in Finnish)
- Bicycle parts from China – exemption of imports of essential bicycle parts from the anti-dumping duty through application of the end-use procedure
- EUR-Lex, where e.g. the Official Journal of the EU is published
- The European Commission's TARIC database